An anal fistula is a small channel that develops between the end of the bowel and the skin near the anus. It is a painful condition that can cause discomfort and inconvenience. The fistula forms as a result of an infected abscess in the anal area and is characterized by the presence of pus or discharge.
What Causes Fistulas?
Fistulas can result from a number of other health concerns. For example:
- Infection in the anal area
- Injury to the anus
- Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease
- History of surgery in the anal area
- As a symptom of anal cancer
- STDs
- Tuberculosis
- Diverticulitis
If you have an anal abscess, there is a 50% chance that you will eventually get an anal fistula. These fistulas are more common in men than in women. People above the age of 50 years are also at a higher risk of getting anal fistula.
How Can You Tell If You Have Fistula?
Anal fistulas show very prominent and uncomfortable symptoms like:
- Pain or discomfort in the anal area
- Discharge of pus or blood
- Itching or burning sensations around the anus
- Difficulty with bowel movements
- Swelling or redness in the area
- A lump or abscess near the anus
- Foul-smelling discharge from the anus
- Increased pain during bowel movements
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek urgent medical care. Fistulas can lead to severe health complications if left untreated.
How Are Fistulas Treated?
“Surgery is the only safe source of treatment when it comes to anal fistula. And these procedures have a success rate of over 95%,” says Dr Mustafa Razvi, a Consultant Surgical Gastroenterologist & Gastro Cancer Surgeon with over 15 years of experience.
Through ultrasounds and CT scans, your surgeon will map out the size, location, and complexity of the fistulas. This helps him devise a customized surgical plan. Here are some surgical techniques you surgeon can use:
- Fistulotomy: This procedure involves cutting open the fistula to allow it to heal from the inside out.
- Seton Placement: A seton is a surgical thread that is left in the fistula to help it heal over time.
- Fistula Plug: This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a small plug made of tissue or other materials into the fistula to block it and promote healing.
Follow the post-surgery medication regimen religiously, lead a sedentary and rest-full life, and meet your doctor’s appointments on time to bounce back to your healthy self in just around 2 -5 weeks! Fistulas can recur in 7% cases, so make sure you consult your surgeon as advised to make sure that everything heals smoothly and stays healthy in your anal region.
